The IRS doesn’t have a specific tax classification called “LLC.” Instead, it looks at how many members the LLC has and whether you’ve made any elections to change the default treatment. That determines whether you file a separate return or not.

If you’re a single-member LLC and haven’t made any elections, the IRS treats your LLC as a “disregarded entity.” That means the LLC doesn’t file its own federal return. All income and expenses get reported on Schedule C of your personal Form 1040. You’re essentially taxed as a sole proprietor even though you have the legal protection of an LLC. This is the most common setup for solo business owners in Franklin and across Nashville.

A multi-member LLC is treated as a partnership by default. Partnerships do need to file a separate return, Form 1065, even though the partnership itself doesn’t pay income tax. The return reports each member’s share of income, deductions, and credits on a Schedule K-1, which each member then reports on their personal return. Missing this filing is a common and expensive mistake. The IRS charges $220 per member per month for late partnership returns, and that adds up fast.

If your LLC has elected to be taxed as an S-corporation, you need to file Form 1120-S. This is a separate return filed by the business. Like a partnership, the S-corp itself generally doesn’t pay federal income tax. Instead, income passes through to the owners via K-1s. The S-corp election is popular for LLCs generating solid profits because it can reduce self-employment tax, but it comes with payroll requirements and additional compliance.

An LLC that elected C-corporation status files Form 1120 and pays tax at the corporate level. This is less common for small businesses but does apply in certain situations, particularly for companies planning to raise outside investment or retain significant earnings.

Don’t forget about Tennessee. Even though the state doesn’t tax wages or salary income, Tennessee does impose a franchise and excise tax on most LLCs. Depending on your revenue and entity structure, you may owe state-level filings and payments even if your federal situation is straightforward. This catches a lot of first-time business owners off guard.

The bottom line is that “LLC” tells you your legal structure, not your tax structure. Your filing requirements flow from the tax classification, not the LLC label on your operating agreement. If you’re unsure how your LLC is currently classified, check your EIN confirmation letter from the IRS or whether you ever filed Form 8832 or Form 2553.

Getting this right from the start saves you penalties and headaches. If you need help with small business tax returns or want to evaluate whether your current LLC tax election still makes sense, that’s worth a conversation. The wrong classification can cost you thousands in unnecessary tax, and the right one depends on your income level, business structure, and growth plans.

Proper business tax return preparation starts with understanding how your LLC is set up and filing the correct forms on time. If you’ve been filing incorrectly or missed filings in prior years, it’s better to address that now than to wait for the IRS to send you a notice.